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The ''Nativity'' is a devotional mid-1450s oil-on-wood panel painting by the Early Netherlandish painter Petrus Christus. It shows a nativity scene with grisaille archways and ''trompe-l'œil'' sculptured reliefs. Christus was influenced by the first generation of Netherlandish artists, especially Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden, and the panel is characteristic of the simplicity and naturalism of art of that period. Placing archways as a framing device is a typical van der Weyden device, and here likely borrowed from that artist's ''Altar of Saint John'' and ''Miraflores Altarpiece''. Yet Christus adapts these painterly motifs to a uniquely mid-15th century sensibility, and the unusually large panel – perhaps painted as a central altarpiece panel for a triptych – is nuanced and visually complex. It shows his usual harmonious composition and employment of one-point-perspective, especially evident in the geometric forms of the shed's roof, and his bold use of color. It is one of Christus's most important works. Max Friedländer definitely attributed the panel to Christus in 1930, concluding that "in scope and importance, () is superior to all other known creations of this master."〔 The overall atmosphere is one of simplicity, serenity and understated sophistication. It is reflective of the 14th-century ''Devotio Moderna'' movement, and contains complex Christian symbolism, subtly juxtaposing Old and New Testament iconography. The sculpted figures in the archway depict biblical scenes of sin and punishment, signaling the advent of Christ's sacrifice, with an over-reaching message of the "Fall and Redemption of humankind".〔 Inside the archway, surrounded by four angels, is the Holy Family; beyond, a landscape extends into the far background. Art historians have suggested completion dates ranging from the early 1440s to the early 1460s, with c. 1455 seen as probable. The panel was acquired by Andrew Mellon in the 1930s, and was one of several hundreds from his personal collection donated to the National Gallery of Art in Washington. It has suffered damage and was restored in the early 1990s for an exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. ==Description== The panel measures 127.6 cm × 94.9 cm (50.2 in × 37.4 in), unusually large for a 15th-century Early Netherlandish single-panel painting.〔 It covers four oak boards.〔Ainsworth (1994), 215〕 Although there is no evidence of missing wing panels, its size suggests it was a central altarpiece of a large triptych. Art historian Joel Upton writes that with its size, style, tone and composition, Christus painted "an ''Andachtsbild'', given monumental, ciboriumlike dimensions".〔Upton (1975), 53〕 The distinction between the figures and the space around them is characteristic of Christus, as is its one-point perspective. The background landscape is typically serene, as are what Upton describes as the "charming, almost doll-like figures who make up the cast of characters."〔Upton (1975), 52〕 The panel is set in a shed enclosed by two pillars and an archway, rendered in sculpture-like grisaille.〔 Each pillar is supported by a relief hunched figure (''atlante'') at the base, holding the weight on its shoulders. On each pillar stand statues of Adam and Eve – Adam on the left and Eve to the right.〔 A marble threshold connects the two structures.〔 On the top corners of the arch are two spandrels;〔Silver (1982), 21〕 the archivolts contain six biblical scenes in relief from the Book of Genesis, depicting the Fall of Man. Two are of Adam and Eve; their expulsion from paradise and Adam tilling the soil. The others are of Cain and Abel: their sacrifice to God; Cain slaying Abel; God appearing to Abel; Cain expelled to the Land of Nod.〔Birkmeyer (1961), 105〕 In the shed Mary and Joseph share an intensely private moment before the Annunciation to the shepherds of the Christ child's birth to the shepherds.〔Upton (1975), 58〕 They are rendered in bright colors. Mary wears a long flowing blue robe, Joseph a green-lined red cape over a brown robe. He holds his hat in hand, and his pattens are respectfully removed, left lying on the ground.〔Hand (1987), 42〕 They gaze reverently at the newborn figure of Jesus who lies on Mary's robe.〔 Mary's features have a softness and sweetness more characteristic of Christus's later paintings and remarkably similar to his ''Madonna of the Dry Tree'', according to Maryan Ainsworth.〔Ainsworth (1994), 161〕 Kneeling in adoration to either side are four small angels.〔 Animals are visible in stalls. Behind them is a crumbling wall with three low Romanesque windows.〔Birkmeyer (1961), 107〕 Four shepherds in contemporary 15th-century clothing are chatting amiably, leaning against the wall, looking into the shed.〔 Two are positioned to the left and two to the right; in each pair one is dressed in red and an other in blue.〔 Behind the shed is a small hill where two shepherds herd sheep along a pathway,〔Upton (1975), 55〕 and beyond is a Netherlandish town with two domed structures in its center, symbolizing Jerusalem and Christ's Passion.〔("The Nativity" ). ''National Gallery of Art''. Retrieved December 23, 2013〕 The large domed building is based on the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem,〔 a replica of which the Adornes family built in Bruges in 1427, called the Jerusalem chapel.〔Marten (1990), 13–14〕 A flock of geese is visible high in the sky through the roof's trusses.〔Upton (1975), 51〕 Light shines into the shed from outside through the low windows. The shadows cast suggest the dawn of a new day.〔Upton (1975), 57〕 The four onlookers in the rear are in light and shadow, especially noticeable on the face of the man second from the right. Here Christus borrows an optical device from the work of his predecessors Jan van Eyck and Rogier van der Weyden,〔 but is bolder and more accomplished with his use of light,〔 which art professor Lola Gellman describes as having "no counterpoint in previous art."〔Gellman (1970), 147〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nativity (Christus)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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